List of language regulators

This is a list of bodies that regulate standard languages, often called language academies. Language academies are usually motivated by linguistic purism, and typically publish prescriptive dictionaries,^[1] which purport to officiate and prescribe the meaning of words and pronunciations.

1 Natural languages
2 Auxiliary languages
- 2.1 Interlingua
- 2.2 Constructed languages
3 See also
4 References

Natural languages

Language	Territory	Regulator(s)
Afrikaans	South Africa	Die Taalkommissie
Albanian	Albania	Academy of Sciences of Albania, Tirana
Arabic	Algeria Syria Egypt Jordan Morocco Iraq Tunisia Sudan Israel Somalia	Academy of the Arabic Language (مجمع اللغة العربية) Algeria, Syria, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Iraq, Tunisia, Sudan, Israel
Aragonese	Aragon	Academia de l'Aragonés,^[2] Aragon, Spain
Armenian	Armenia	Armenian National Academy of Sciences
Asturian	Asturias	Academy of the Asturian Language (Academia de la Llingua Asturiana)
Azerbaijani	Azerbaijan	Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
Bengali / Bangla	Bangladesh	Bangla Academy, Dhaka
Bengali / Bangla	West Bengal	Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi, Kolkata, West Bengal
Basque	Basque Country	Euskaltzaindia, often translated as Royal Academy of the Basque language
Belarusian	Belarus	Iнстытут мовы i лiтаратуры iмя Я. Коласа і Я. Купалы Institut movy i litaraturi imya Y. Kolasa i Y. Kupali Нацыянальнай Акадэміі навук Беларусі Natsiyanal’nay Akademii navuk Belarusi — J. Kolas and J. Kupala Institute of Language and Literature at the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
Berber or Tamazight	Morocco	IRCAM
Berber or Tamazight	Algeria	HCA
Bulgarian	Bulgaria	Institute for Bulgarian Language^[3] at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Burmese	Myanmar	Myanmar Language Commission
Catalan	Catalonia	Institute of Catalan Studies (Institut d'Estudis Catalans)
Catalan	Valencian Community	Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua (for the Valencian standard)
Cebuano	Philippines	Visayan Academy of Arts and Letters
Mandarin Chinese	People's Republic of China	State Language and Letters Committee (国家语言文字工作委员会)
	Republic of China (Taiwan)	National Languages Committee (國語推行委員會)
	Singapore	Promote Mandarin Council (讲华语运动理事会)
	Malaysia	Chinese Language Standardisation Council of Malaysia (马来西亚华语规范理事会)
Cornish	Cornwall	Cornish Language Partnership (Keskowethyans an Taves Kernewek)
Croatian	Croatia	Council for Standard Croatian Language Norm (Vijeće za normu hrvatskoga standardnog jezika) attached to the Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics (Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje) [3]
Czech	Czech Republic	Czech Language Institute (Ústav pro jazyk český Akademie věd České republiky)
Danish	Denmark	Dansk Sprognævn (Danish Language Board)
Dalecarlian	Dalarna County	Ulum Dalska
Dari	Afghanistan	Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan
Dutch	Netherlands Belgium Suriname	Nederlandse Taalunie (Dutch Language Union)
Dzongkha	Bhutan	Dzongkha Development Commission
Estonian	Estonia	Language Board at the Mother Tongue Society [4] (Emakeele Seltsi keeletoimkond) sets rules and standards, authoritative advice is given by the Institute of the Estonian Language (Eesti Keele Instituut) [5]
Faroese	Faroe Islands	Faroese Language Board (Føroyska málnevndin)
Filipino	Philippines	Commission on the Filipino Language (Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino) website
Finnish	Finland	Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
French	France	Académie française (French Academy)
French	Quebec	Office québécois de la langue française (Quebec Office of the French Language)
Friulian	Friuli–Venezia Giulia	Agjenzie Regjonâl pe Lenghe Furlane (Regional Agency for the Friulian Language) [6]
Galician	Galicia	Royal Galician Academy (Real Academia Galega, official)
German	Germany Austria Switzerland South Tyrol Belgium Liechtenstein	Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung [7] (Council for German Orthogaphy)
Haitian Creole	Haiti	Ministère de l'éducation nationale et de la formation professionnelle (Haitian department of education)
Hebrew	Israel	The Academy of the Hebrew Language (האקדמיה ללשון העברית)
Hindi	India	Central Hindi Directorate (regulates use of Devanagari script and Hindi spelling in India.^[4])
Hmar	India	Hmar Literature Society (Manipur, India)
Hungarian	Hungary	Research Institute for Linguistics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Nyelvtudományi Intézete)
Icelandic	Iceland	Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies
Igbo	Nigeria	Society for Promoting Igbo Language and Culture
Indonesian	Indonesia	Pusat Bahasa (Language Center)
Irish	Ireland Northern Ireland	Foras na Gaeilge
Italian	Italy	Accademia della Crusca
Japanese	Japan	No official centralized regulation, but de facto regulations by Agency for Cultural Affairs (文化庁) at the Ministry of Education of Japan (文部科学省)
Kannada	Karnataka	Various academies and Government of Karnataka
Kashubian	Poland	Radzëzna Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka (Commission of the Kashubian Language) [8]
Kazakh	Kazakhstan	Ministry of Culture of Kazakhstan [9]
Korean	South Korea	The National Institute of the Korean Language [10] (국립국어원)
Kven	Norway	Kainun institutti - kvensk institutt [11]
Ladino	Israel	Autoridad Nasionala del Ladino (National Authority of Ladino) [12]
Latin	Holy See	Latinitas Foundation (Opus Fundatum Latinitas) (Latin in the Roman Catholic Church)^[5]
		International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy: botanical Latin)
		International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature: zoological Latin)
Latvian	Latvia	Latvian State Language Center (Valsts Valodas Centrs)
Lithuanian	Lithuania	Commission of the Lithuanian Language (Valstybinė lietuvių kalbos komisija)
Lusoga	Uganda	Lusoga Language Authority (LULA)
Macedonian	Macedonia	Macedonian Language Institute "Krste Misirkov" ( Институт за македонски јазик „Крсте Мисирков“, Institut za makedonski jazik „Krste Misirkov“)
Malay	Malaysia Brunei	Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (The Institute of Language and Literature)
Maltese	Malta	National Council for the Maltese Language (www.kunsilltalmalti.gov.mt)
Manx	Isle of Man	Coonceil ny Gaelgey
Māori	New Zealand	Māori Language Commission
Mirandese	Portugal	Anstituto de la Lhéngua Mirandesa (Institute of the Mirandese Language)
Mixtec	Mexico	Academy of the Mixtec Language (Ve'e Tu'un Sávi)
Mongolian	Mongolia	Council of the official state language (Төрийн хэлний зөвлөл). Decisions have to be confirmed by the Mongolian government. [13]
Nepali	Nepal	Language Academy of Nepal
Norwegian (Bokmål and Nynorsk)	Norway	Norwegian Language Council
Occitan	France Spain Monaco Italy	Associacion de Prefiguracion de l'Entitat de Regulacion de la Lenga Occitana. [14]
Pashto	Afghanistan Pakistan	Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan
Persian	Iran Tajikistan Afghanistan Uzbekistan	Academy of Persian Language and Literature (فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی)
Polish	Poland	Polish Language Council (Rada Języka Polskiego)
Portuguese	Brazil	Academia Brasileira de Letras (Brazilian Literary Academy)
Portuguese	Portugal	Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Classe de Letras
Romanian	Romania	Institutul de Lingvisticǎ al Academiei Române (Institute for Linguistics of the Romanian Academy)
Romanian	Moldova	Academia de Ştiinţe a Moldovei
Russian	Russian Empire	Russian Academy (1783–1841)
Russian	Russia	Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 1944)
Scots	Scotland	The Scots language Centre supports the Scots language.^[6] Scottish Language Dictionaries record and analyse the language as it is spoken and written throughout Scotland today.^[7]
Scottish Gaelic	Scotland	Bòrd na Gàidhlig maintains the national plan for Gaelic, to promote its use and make Gaelic culture accessible
Secwepemctsín	Canada	Stk’wemiple7s re Secwepemctsin, are the group of people supported by the Secwepemc Cultural Education Society who develop new words.
Serbian	Serbia Montenegro ( B & H)	Board for Standardization of the Serbian Language
Sindhi	Pakistan	Sindhi Language Authority [15]
Sinhala	Sri Lanka	Hela Havula (හෙළ හවුල)
Slovak	Slovakia	Ľudovít Štúr Institute of Linguistics (Jazykovedný ústav Ľudovíta Štúra) at Slovak Academy of Sciences (Slovenská akadémia vied)
Slovene	Slovenia	Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Sorbian	Germany	Serbski institut [16]
Spanish	Spain Colombia Ecuador Mexico El Salvador Venezuela Chile Peru Guatemala Costa Rica Philippines Panama Cuba Paraguay Dominican Republic Bolivia Nicaragua Argentina Uruguay Honduras Puerto Rico United States	Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (constituted by the Real Academia Española plus 21 other separate national academies in the Spanish speaking world)
Swahili	Tanzania	Baraza la Kiswahili la Taifa
Swedish	Sweden	Swedish Language Council (semi-official)
Swedish	Finland	Swedish Language Department of the Research Institute for the Languages of Finland (Svenska språkbyrån)
Tamil	Tamil Nadu	Thanjavur Tamil University and Official language Commission of Government of Tamil Nadu
Telugu	Andhra Pradesh	Telugu Academy and Official Language Commission of Government of Andhra Pradesh
Tetum	Timor-Leste	National Institute of Linguistics at the National University of East Timor
Thai	Thailand	Royal Institute of Thailand (ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน)
Turkish	Turkey	Turkish Language Association
Ukrainian	Ukraine	National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Ulster Scots	Northern Ireland Ireland	The Ulster-Scots Agency (Tha Boord o Ulstèr-Scotch) promotes greater awareness of Ulster-Scots cultural issues and the use of Ullans, both within Northern Ireland and throughout the island. "Ullans" understood to be the variety of the Scots language traditionally found in parts of Northern Ireland and Donegal.^[8]
Urdu	Pakistan India	National Language Authority, Pakistan National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language, India
Võro	Estonia	Võro Institute
Waray-Waray	Philippines	Sanghiran San Binisaya ha Samar ug Leyte (Academy for Samar-Leyte Visayan) defunct
Welsh	Wales	Welsh Language Board (Bwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg) [17]
West Frisian	Friesland	Fryske Akademy (Frisian Academy)
Wolof	Senegal	Centre de linguistique appliquée de Dakar (Center of Applied Linguistics of Dakar at the Cheikh Anta Diop University)
Yiddish	United States Sweden Russia	YIVO [18]
Yoruba	Nigeria	The Yoruba Academy

Auxiliary languages

Interlingua

The auxiliary language Interlingua has no regulating body, as its vocabulary, grammar, and orthography are viewed as a product of ongoing social forces. In theory, Interlingua therefore evolves independent from any human regulator. Interlingua's vocabulary is verified and recorded by dynamically applying certain general principles to an existing set of natural languages and their etymologies.

Constructed languages

Languages such as Esperanto and Ido have been constructed (or planned) by a person or small group, before being adopted and developed by communities of users. Bodies such as the Akademio de Esperanto look at questions of usage in the light of the original goals and principles of the language.

Language	Regulator(s)
Esperanto	Akademio de Esperanto
Ido	Uniono por la Linguo Internaciona Ido
Klingon	Marc Okrand and Klingon Language Institute
Lojban	Logical Language Group
Talossan	Comità per l'Útzil del Glheþ

References

^ Thomas, George (1991) Linguistic purism p.108, quotation:

Whereas a number of the puristically motivated language societies have assumed de facto responsibility for language cultivation, the decisions of the academies have often had the force of law. ... Since academies are so closely associated with the notion of purism, a brief word on their history may not be out of place. The first academy to deal expressly and exclusively with language matters was the Accademia della Crusca, ... Its orientation was essentially conservative, favouring a return to the Tuscan language as cultivated in the fourteenth century over the innovations of contemporary renaissance poets like Torquato Tasso. ... One of its first tasks - as with so many academies to follow - was to produce a large-scale prescriptive dictionary of Italian
^ [1]
^ [2]
^ Central Hindi Directorate: Introduction
^ "Latinitas Foundation" (in English). http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/institutions_connected/latinitas/documents/index_en.htm. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
^ Scots language Centre
^ Scottish Language Dictionaries
^ http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1999/99085903.htm The North/South Co-operation (Implementation Bodies) (Northern Ireland) Order 1999 (Schedule 1)